Revisión: biotecnología aplicada a la viticultura

ORIGINAL PAPER IN SPANISH

ABSTRACT

Wine is a highly commercialized product. In the last three decades there has been an increase in the globalization of this product. Wine companies are looking for new technological advances that allow increasing wine production by improving the cultivation of vines and the use of quality standards to respond to the high competitiveness of the market. Nowadays, wine industry faces global problems such as decreased consumption and increased surpluses; for this reason, the future seeks to obtain more competitive products, quality improvements and typicality of wines. The objective of this review is to recover the main applications of genetic engineering and biotechnology applied to viticulture. From the current methods of molecular identification of vine varieties, to the production of botrytised wines through the use of microbiological techniques that allow the infection of grapes with Botrytis cinerea fungus and the use of transgenics, among others; taking into account the bioethics and biosafety which must be present in the development of these innovative technologies that positively impact the cultivation and production of grape varieties.

Keywords: Botrytis cinerea, Vitis vinifera, micropropagation, microsatellites, GMO, SNP.

¹ Universidad Anáhuac México, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Correo electrónico: an-ta-gu@hotmail.com

² Universidad Anáhuac México, Facultad de Turismo y Gastronomía. Avenida Universidad Anáhuac N.o 46, Colonia Lomas Anáhuac, C.P 52786 Huixquilucan, Estado de México, México.